![]() However, there exists a possibility of substantial under-reporting of the overall prevalence of abrasions and their predilection for a particular site, as people sustaining minor abrasions, scratches, etc., on non-vital parts of the body do not attend clinics and hospitals for their management. The upper limbs account for 15.4%, and the lower limbs for 34.6% of all abrasions. The head and torso are the most common sites, comprising 50% of all abrasions. Unintentional abrasions are frequently associated with falls and sports-related injuries among children and with falls in older patients.Ībrasions are the most common form of injury in children accounting for 70.7% of all injuries. Intentional injuries of a sexual nature that are associated with sexual offenses are found to be more common in females. Abrasions caused by intentional injuries are found more frequently in the middle age groups as compared to the extremes of ages. Abrasions are primarily accidental throughout all phases of life. Patterned abrasions resulting from blows, collisions, and auto versus pedestrian accidents are examples of impact abrasions.Ībrasions can occur at any time of life, with no particular propensity for any age or sex. Impact abrasions result from a swift blow and require considerable force. For example, the use of rough material for hanging produces a ligature mark that is an imprint of the material used. The force required to produce a pressure abrasion is minimal. Pressure abrasions result from prolonged compression of the epidermis. Patterned abrasions can be further sub-classified as pressure abrasion and impact abrasion, depending on the duration of contact with the offending object. Patterned abrasions are a result of perpendicular force on the epidermis, resulting in an impression of the offending item. Extensive, grazed abrasions are sometimes referred to as "brush burns." The depth of grazed injuries varies depending on the irregularity of the surface, as well as the speed of the body. Grazed abrasions are caused by the dragging of the body against a rough surface, resulting in the scrapping of the epidermis. These are most commonly seen in cases of road traffic accidents as well as in sports falls. Grazed abrasions are usually multiple in presentation and result from friction against a broad, rough surface. Likewise, nail scratch abrasions on the neck may be suggestive of strangulation. Linear or semicircular injuries are classically seen as a result of nail scratches, and their presence on the inner aspect of thighs and around female genitalia may indicate resistance in cases of sexual assault. Linear abrasions have significant medicolegal importance, especially when seen over the neck, inner thighs, and genitalia. Linear abrasions are the simplest of injuries and tend to heal by primary intention, without any sequelae. Linear abrasions are caused by tangential forces resulting in denuding of the epidermis. ![]() Abrasions are classified into three types that include linear or scratch abrasions, grazed or brush abrasions, and patterned abrasions.
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